Interleukin-10 （IL-10） is a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. IL-10 is produced by various immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, and functions by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing the antigen-presenting and effector functions of immune cells. IL-10 is involved in modulating immune tolerance, preventing excessive inflammation, and promoting tissue repair. In cattle, IL-10 has been studied for its role in regulating immune responses during infections, inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of bovine IL-10 can provide insights into the immune system of cattle and potential therapeutic strategies for managing immune-related disorders in livestock.