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測(cè)量恒溫箱|恒溫恒濕試驗(yàn)箱技術(shù)好壞的評(píng)定
測(cè)量恒溫箱|恒溫恒濕試驗(yàn)箱技術(shù)好壞的評(píng)定
一、評(píng)定目的區(qū)別：
測(cè)量不確定度為的是表明被測(cè)量值的分散性；
測(cè)量誤差為的是表明測(cè)量結(jié)果偏離真值的程度。
（一）、 Assess the purpose of difference:
Uncertainty of measurement in order to show that measured values of dispersion;
Measurement error in order to show the results of measurement are usually deviated from the true value
of the degree.
二、評(píng)定結(jié)果的區(qū)別：
測(cè)量不確定度是無(wú)符號(hào)的參數(shù)，用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的倍數(shù)或置信區(qū)間的半寬表示，由人們根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)、資料、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等信息進(jìn)行評(píng)定，可以通過(guò)A，B兩類評(píng)定方法定量確定；測(cè)量誤差為有正號(hào)或負(fù)號(hào)的量值，其值為測(cè)量結(jié)果減去被測(cè)量的真值，由于真值未知，往往不能準(zhǔn)確得到，當(dāng)用約定真值代替真值時(shí)，只可得到其估計(jì)值。
（二）、To assess the results of the difference between:
The parameters of the measurement uncertainty is unsigned, using the standard deviation or the standard
deviation of multiples or half width of confidence interval, ci said, by the people, according to the
experiment data, experience and other information to assess, can A, B two kinds of assessment method
quantitatively; Measurement error is plus or minus value, its value minus the measurement results for
the true value is measured, due to the true value of the unknown, often cannot accuray, when agreed
with true value instead of truth value, only the estimate can be obtained.
三、影響因素的區(qū)別：
測(cè)量不確定度由人們經(jīng)過(guò)分析和評(píng)定得到，因而與人們對(duì)被測(cè)量、影響量及測(cè)量過(guò)程的認(rèn)識(shí)有關(guān)；測(cè)量誤差是客觀存在的，不受外界因素的影響，不以人的認(rèn)識(shí)程度而改變；
因此，在進(jìn)行不確定度分析時(shí)，應(yīng)充分考慮各種影響因素，并對(duì)不確定度的評(píng)定加以驗(yàn)證。否則由于分析估計(jì)不足，可能在測(cè)量結(jié)果非常接近真值（即誤差很?。┑那闆r下評(píng)定得到的不確定度卻較大，也可能在測(cè)量誤差實(shí)際上較大的情況下，給出的不確定度卻偏小。
（三）、 The influence factors of the difference between:
Measurement uncertainty by the people through analysis and evaluation, and to be measured, therefore
affect the amount and the understanding of the measurement process related; Measurement error is
objective existence, not influenced by outside factors, not with people's awareness and change;
When making the uncertainty analysis, therefore, should fully consider various influencing factors,
and the evaluation of uncertainty of verified. Or caused by a lack of analysis estimation,
measurement results may be very close to the true value （that is, the error is very small） under
the condition of evaluation of uncertainty is bigger, also may in the case of measurement error is
actually larger, given the uncertainty is small.
四、按性質(zhì)區(qū)分上的區(qū)別：
測(cè)量不確定度不確定度分量評(píng)定時(shí)一般不必區(qū)分其性質(zhì)，若需要區(qū)分時(shí)應(yīng)表述為：“由隨機(jī)效應(yīng)引入的不確定度分量”和“由系統(tǒng)效應(yīng)引入的不確定度分量”；測(cè)量誤差按性質(zhì)可分為隨機(jī)誤差和系統(tǒng)誤差兩類，按定義隨機(jī)誤差和系統(tǒng)誤差都是無(wú)窮多次測(cè)量情況下的理想概念。
（四）、According to the nature to distinguish the difference between:
When the uncertainty of measurement uncertainty components evaluation generally don't have to
distinguish between the nature, when need to distinguish between should be expressed as: "the
uncertainty components introduced by random effects" and "uncertainty components introduced by
system effect"; Measurement error in nature can be divided into two categories, random error and
system error, according to the definition of random error and system error are the ideal concept
of infinite repeated measurement situation.
五、對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果修正的區(qū)別：
“不確定度”一詞本身隱含為一種可估計(jì)的值，它不是指具體的、確切的誤差值，雖可估計(jì)，但卻不能用以修正量值，只可在已修正測(cè)量結(jié)果的不確定度中考慮修正不完善而引入的不確定度；而系統(tǒng)誤差的估計(jì)值如果已知?jiǎng)t可以對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行修正，得到已修正的測(cè)量結(jié)果。一個(gè)量值經(jīng)修正后，可能會(huì)更靠近真值，但其不確定度不但不減小，有時(shí)反而會(huì)更大。這主要還是因?yàn)槲覀儾荒艽_切的知道真值為多少，僅能對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果靠近或離開(kāi)真值的程度進(jìn)行估計(jì)而已。
（五）、 Correction: the difference between the result of the measurement
Implied term "uncertainty" itself is a kind of can be estimated value, it is not specific, definite
error values, can be estimated, but not to correct value, can only be used in the uncertainty of
measurement results is fixed into correction is imperfect and the introduction of uncertainty; And
system error estimate if known could be amended, the result of the measurement is fixed measurement
results are obtained. A revised value, they may be more close to the true value, but its not only
reduce the uncertainty, sometimes it will be bigger. The main or because we cannot know exactly true
value is how much, can only on the measurement results close to estimate or leave the true value of
the degree.