The stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) family of proteins includes mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are activated by stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitogens, oncogenes, and inducers of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Upon activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway, MAP Kinase Kinases phosphorylate and activate JNKs. The activated JNKs translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as c-Jun. c-Jun then binds to the activator protein-1 (AP1) response element and induces AP1 transcription.

The AP1 Reporter – HEK293 cell line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of AP1-responsive elements that are stably integrated into HEK293 cells. This cell line is validated for its response to stimulation by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) and to treatment with inhibitors of the JNK signaling pathway.

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