Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For immunofluorescent staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 1.0 µg per 10⁶ cells in 100 µl volume or 100 µl of whole blood. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

FC - Quality tested
Activ - Reported in the literature

Intracellular staining is recommended to detect KIR2DL4 in NK cells, as this receptor resides predominantly in endosomes³. Alternatively, mAb 33 can be loaded into NK cells by endocytosis at 37°C³. This antibody also induces NK cell cytotoxicity^1,2.

1. Rajagopalan S, et al. 2001. J. Immunol. 167:1877. (FC)
2. Goodridge JP, et al. 2003. J. Immunol. 171:1768. (FC)
3. Rajagopalan S, et al. 2006. PLoS Biol. 4:e9.

CD158 molecules, also known as KIRs (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors), are a family of transmembrane proteins with either two (KIR2D) or three (KIR3D) Ig-like extracellular domains. Some KIRs, with long cytoplasmic domains, contain ITIMs and possess inhibitory functions and others, with short cytoplasmic regions, lack ITIM and have activation functions. Fourteen polymorphic KIR genes have been reported in humans. KIR2DL4 (CD158d) is a unique receptor which has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain and a charged residue in the transmembrane domain. It possesses both inhibitory and activation functions. Two common alleles (10A and 9A) of KIR2DL4 have been reported. The 10A allele (with 10 adenines at the end of the transmembrane exon) receptor is expressed on CD56^high NK subset, whereas its expression on CD56^dim NK cells is inducible upon culture. The major 9A allele receptor is a secreted form. HLA-G is the ligand of CD158d.